An Air France plane has been isolated at an airport in Madrid after a passenger was reported to have a fever and shivers.
The situation is being treated as a suspected case of ebola, a health ministry official was quoted as saying.
There were 156 passengers on the flight from Paris, according to local officials and media reports.
The possible new ebola patient arrives at Carlos III Hospital in Madrid
Airports operator Aena and Air France said in separate statements that a passenger on Air France 1300 from Nigeria, via the French capital, had started shaking during the flight.
The passenger, who had travelled from Lagos, was taken by ambulance to the Carlos III hospital.
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Air France said the other passengers got off the plane, which will now be disinfected.
The return flight has been cancelled.
Danish authorities are testing a health worker from Doctors Without Borders for ebola, while a nurse in France is also being tested.
The European Union has said it will launch an "immediate" review of exit screening in African countries hit by ebola.
EU health chief Tonio Borg said the bloc, along with the World Health Organisation (WHO) will look into "conflicting reports" about whether the screening in Liberia, Sierra Leone or Guinea is good enough and will decide whether to strengthen controls.